TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION iii
APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiiix
LIST OF TABLES xxivii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Body Area Networks 4
2.1.1 BAN sensor nodes design 4
2.1.2 BAN block diagram 7
2.1.3 BAN data exchange 8
2.1.4 BAN communication 9
2.1.5 BAN signal traffic 11
2.1.6 BAN power supply 11
2.1.7 BAN signal measurement principle 12
2.2 Prospective BAN contribution to patients and medical people 15
2.3 BAN International Applications 16
2.3.1 Cardiovascular disease detection applications 17
2.3.2 Cancer detection applications 18
2.3.3 Asthma detection applications 18
2.3.4 Artificial retina applications 18
2.3.5 Sleep disorder detection applications 18
2.3.6 Intelligent control of medication applications 19
2.3.7 Predictive diagnostic applications 21
2.3.8 Biomedical feedback control systems applications 21
2.3.9 Battlefield applications 22
2.4 Challenges 23
2.4.1 Hardware Level Challenges 23
2.4.1.1 Unobtrusiveness 23
2.4.1.2 Sensitivity 23
2.4.1.3 Energy 23
2.4.1.4 Data acquisition efficiency 24
2.4.1.5 Reliability 24
2.4.2 Layer Independent Challenges 24
2.4.2.1 Security / Privacy 24
2.4.2.2 User-friendliness 25
2.4.2.3 Cost 25
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 25
3.2 Source of Data 26
3.2.1 Primary Data 26
3.2.2 Secondary Data 26
3.3 Selection of Research Strategy 27
3.3.1 Literature Review 27
3.3.2 Questionnaire Survey 27
3.4 Data Analysis 28
3.5 Flow chart of research progress 29
4 DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Respondent\\\'s demographics 32
4.1.1 Respondent\\\'s working experience years 32
4.1.2 Respondent\\\'s occupation / positions 33
4.1.3 Nature of respondent\\\'s sectors 34
4.2 Findings from Questionnaire Surveys (Part 1 : In-patients) 36
4.2.1 Response of respondents towards BAN implementation within hospital 36
4.2.2 Best implementation site for BAN within hospital 40
4.2.3 Main problems about BAN System 43
4.2.4 Target diseases for BAN system 45
4.2.5 BAN requirement for cardiovascular patients 45
4.2.6 BAN requirement for hypertension patients 49
4.2.7 Types of post surgical patients suitable for BAN 50
4.2.8 Post surgical complications (importance index) 52
4.2.9 BAN requirement for after - surgery patients 53
4.2.10 Other findings
4.2.10.1 Preferable types of battery 55
4.2.11 BAN design 58
4.3 Findings from Questionnaire Surveys (Part 2 : Out-patients) 62
4.3.1 BAN Target for Home Monitoring Purposes 62
4.3.2 BAN requirement for Cardiovascular Patients 64
4.3.3 BAN requirement for Hypertension Patients 66
4.3.4 Response of respondents towards idea of wireless cardiac event monitor 67
4.3.5 Main concern about BAN system 68
4.3.6 Other findings 70
4.3.6.1 Suitability of BAN for Obstrusive Sleep Apnea patients 70
4.3.6.2 Preferable types of battery 71
4.3.7 BAN design 73
4.4 Findings from Questionnaire (Part 3 : health-consicous) 74
4.4.1 Application of BAN to health conscious people 75
4.4.2 BAN target for health conscious people 76
4.4.3 BAN measu3ent for health conscious people 78
4.4.4 Preferable BAN design types 79
4.4.5 Main concern about BAN system 82
4.4.6 BAN design 84
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 General conclusion from project 85
5.1.1 In-patients 87
5.1.2 Out-patients 88
5.1.3 Health conscious people 89
5.2 Recommendation 90
REFERENCES 90
APPENDICES 96
Questionnaire Survey
Feedback Report from Surveys
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
1 Summary of the 4 sensor node generation 6
2 Bandwidth required for real-time signal transmission 10
3 In-body and on-body sensor network applications 16
4 List of hospitals & companies included in surveys 31
5 Comparison between wired telemetry system and wireless BAN system 39
6 Comparison of BAN implementation architecture design between in-patients, out-patients and health conscious people basis 84
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
1 Years of working experience among respondents 32
2 Respondent\\\'s occupations 33
3 Types of respondent\\\'s sectors 34
4 Response of respondents towards implentation of
BAN within hospital 36
5 The best implentation for BAN within hospital 40
6 Main concern about BAN system (from respondents) 43
7 Target diseases for BAN system 45
8 BAN requirement for cardiovascular patients 47
9 BAN requirement for hypertension patients 49
10 Types of post surgery patients for BAN 50
11 Post surgical complications 52
12 BAN requirement for post surgical patients 53
13 Preferable types of battery maintenance 56
14 BAN design (for in-patients) 60
15 BAN target for home monitoring purpose 62
16 BAN requirement for cardiovascular patients 64
17 BAN measurement for hypertension patients 66
18 Response of respondents towards idea of wireless cardiac event monitor 67
19 Main concern about BAN system (from respondents) 68
20 Preferable types of battery maintenance 71
21 BAN design (for out-patients) 74
22 Application of BAN to health conscious people 74
23 BAN target diseases for health conscious people 76
24 BAN measurement for health conscious people 78
25 Preferable BAN design for health conscious people 79
26 Main concern about BAN system (from respondents) 82
27 BAN design (for health conscious people) 82
